The 14th amendment does concern equal rights, but it would be an error to describe it as "failed" ... it just took a while (100 years or so) to actually become effectual in practice.
The proposed amendment called the Equal Rights Amendment that was never passed, and could therefore reasonably be described as "failed", would have been the 20th amendment had it passed when it was proposed, or the 27th if had passed when it was finally accepted by Congress. Since it was not ratified by a sufficient number of states to be made part of the Constitution, it doesn't HAVE a number, though it could theoretically be re-proposed as what would become the 28th Amendment were it to pass.
The 14th Amendment was passed to give equal rights to all citizens. This Amendment was passed after the Civil War.
The Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
The nickname for the 14th amendment is the "Equal Protection Amendment."
None, however, bans on gay marriage violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.
Civil Rights became a part of the U.S. Constitution in 1868 when the 14th amendment was adopted. The 14th amendment grantees each citizen "equal protection of the laws".
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The 14th Amendment established due process and equal protection under the law. It also makes the rights in the constitution guaranteed in state matters.
There were a few amendments that extended civil rights in the United States. Amendments 1-10 established most civil rights, the 13th ended slavery, the 14th amendment required equal protection and rights under law, the 15th amendment banned denying equal rights based on race, and the 19th amendment gave women the right to vote.
The 14th amendment prevents states from denying any citizen equal protection under the law. No state may pass a law which would abridge the rights granted US citizens by the Constitution.
The 14th Amendment restricts the actions of states by preventing them from making or enforcing laws that violate citizen rights. This protection is guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause within the amendment.
The 14th amendment gave rights to former slaves.
The fourteenth amendment addresses citizenship. Initially it was in relation to the subject of slaves and their citizenship, but it has crossed over to citizenship in general.