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Answer for USA, Canada and countries running a 60 Hz supply service.In the electrical code that are only two colors that are for a specific use. Green, green/yellow is only for grounding purposes. White is only used specifically for a neutral wire in single phase three wire systems or the neutral leg of a wye three phase system. All other colored wires are used to carry circuit current.

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The white wire, regardless of outlets or ceiling, is often the neutral wire. the black wire is also often a hot wire tho this may not always seem the case. ex: in a ''switch leg" (wires to turn on and off a light switch) the black is often the hot from the loop circuit coming to the light switch. To insert the switch the black is broken and you send the black down to the light switch. Then a "red" goes up from the switch and is connected to the hot side of the light, completing the circuit. This known as a switch leg... In three wire bundles with a ground wire, red can also be used as a hot, as long as you label it.

Red and black often hot wires, white is often neutral. If a white wire needs to be used as a hot it must be marked by wrapping it in black tape and this is sometimes the case in 3- way wiring circuits.

Safety note: don't ever assume a wire is not a "hot wire" just because it has a certain color!

Nor should anyone ever assume what a wire is being used for just because of its color!

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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.

Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.

IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
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Q: Is the red wire the hot wire in Canada?
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