No.
The word robbed has one syllable.
Touched only has one syllable. The -ed sounds like an extra syllable.
No. -ed makes it sound like an extra syllable but it isn't.
Disastrous has three syllables but, yes, an extra syllable is often added in speech due to the relationship between this word and the word disaster.
Drenched only has one syllable. The -ed might sound like an extra syllable, but it isn't.
Confusion is stressed on the second syllable.
Sometimes, but only when the word would not be pronounceable without the extra syllable. After t or d, in English you can't have an immediately following t or d, so a vowel has to be inserted before the "-d" ending, and this new vowel produces an extra syllable.
It can be one of several things, so there not one term you give it. English has no declinations, so it cannot be called that. It may be said that a word can contain an extra, added, or additional, syllable in cases when the word needs an ending (eg. to form the plural, or past) whereby the word needs an extra sound for it to be distinct from its root sound, or else where a verb does not have an irregular form.
The second syllable in the word "syllable" is accented.
no word it isn't possible because if you take away one syllable from a five syllable word you get a four syllable word and there is no such thing as a "no syllable word"
The word bruised only has one syllable. This means the whole word is the syllable and so there are no syllable breaks.
There isn't a syllable break. The word "hole" only has one syllable.