Use virtual base classes. It is best if the common base class has no member variables and all member methods are pure-virtual. The multiple-inheritance class must provide all the implementation for the pure-virtual methods, even if the direct bass classes also provide their own implementations.
It is not clear what "multiple inheritance" means but ambiguities in wills are resolved in court on an action to construe the will. There are two types of ambiguities. Ones that arise from ambiguous language in the will and ones that arise from facts outside the will. The court will take evidence of the facts relevant to the ambiguity to resolve it. The idea is to ascertain the decedent's probable intent when making the will in order to clarify the matter.
There is no such thing. Ambiguity occurs in multiple inheritance where two or more base classes share a common member name.
In the following example, two base classes share common public member name, GetData(). The derived class inherits both, but you cannot call derived::GetData() because the compiler cannot tell which method to actually call.
#include <iostream>
class base1
{
public:
base1(int data=0):m_data(data){}
int GetData()const{return(m_data);}
private:
int m_data;
};
class base2
{
public:
base2(int data=0):m_data(data){}
int GetData()const{return(m_data);}
private:
int m_data;
};
class derived : public base1, public base2
{
public:
derived(int data=0):base1(data),base2(data){}
};
int main()
{
derived d(5);
int x = d.GetData(); // Ambiguous!
return( 0 );
}
To remove the ambiguity, you must explicitly call d.base1::GetData() or d.base2::GetData().
When you derive classes, ambiguities can result if base and derived classes have members with the same names. Access to a base class member is ambiguous if you use a name or qualified name that does not refer to a unique function or object. The declaration of a member with an ambiguous name in a derived class is not an error. The ambiguity is only flagged as an error if you use the ambiguous member name.
For example, suppose that two classes named A and B both have a member named x, and a class named C inherits from both A and B. An attempt to access x from class C would be ambiguous. You can resolve ambiguity by qualifying a member with its class name using the scope resolution (::) operator.
class B1
{
public:
int i; int j;
void g(int) { }
};
class B2
{
public:
int j;
void g() { }
};
class D : public B1, public B2 {
public:
int i;
};
int main()
{
D dobj;
D *dptr = &dobj;
dptr->i = 5;
// dptr->j = 10;
dptr->B1::j = 10;
// dobj.g();
dobj.B2::g(); }
The statement dptr->j = 10 is ambiguous because the name j appears both in B1 and B2. The statement dobj.g() is ambiguous because the name g appears both in B1 and B2, even though B1::g(int) and B2::g() have different parameters.
The compiler checks for ambiguities at compile time. Because ambiguity checking occurs before access control or type checking, ambiguities may result even if only one of several members with the same name is accessible from the derived class.
Hybrid, or multiple, inheritance in C++ can be ambiguous. To resolve this, you can qualify the name with its class name. For example.
class a {
int z;
...
}
class b {
int z;
...
}
class c : public a, public b {
...
something = z; // ambiguous
something = a::z; // un-ambiguous
}
Ambiguity in hybrid, or multiple inheritance is when the same named method or attribute of two different classes is inherited by one class. Example: a is a member of b and c. If you create a d that inherits from both b and c, d will contain two different a's, one from b and one from c. Unless you use scope resolution syntax, a reference to a within the context of d will be ambiguous. This would be in the form, for instance, of b::a, and c::a, instead of just a.
In languages like C, there might be ambiguity because of same method names in more than one parent class.
This is the main reason why Java does not support direct multiple inheritance.
You dont because Java does not support direct Multiple Inheritance
No there is no ambiguity in single inheritance
c
Java does not support multiple inheritance. It is done with the help of interfaces in java. a class can implement n number of interfaces, thus showing multiple inheritance. but a class cannot extend multiple classes in java.
Java does not support direct multiple inheritance. You can implement partial multiple inheritance using interfaces. ex: public class ExMultInherit implements interface1, interface2, interface 3 { ... .... ...... }
There are no drawbacks to multiple inheritance if multiple inheritance is precisely what is required to achieve your goal. If there are any drawbacks then it is only because of poor design, not multiple inheritance itself. For instance, when designing classes to simulate vehicles, an amphibious vehicle would inherit the properties of both an off-road vehicle and a marine vehicle, therefore multiple inheritance would be an appropriate usage.
There are only two types of inheritance to begin with: single inheritance and multiple inheritance. Since they are mutually exclusive there is no such thing as hybrid inheritance.
C++ allows multiple inheritance while Java does not. In my opinion, multiple inheritance is not useful because it can get very confusing very quick. For polymorphism, C++ does early binding by default, while Java does late binding by default. Late binding is more useful than early binding.
Java does not support multiple inheritance
compiler will confuse when two super class has same method name. The above is correct, and it's a DESIGN decision made by the originator of Java, James Gosling. That is, Gosling recognized that true Multiple Inheritance has a certain amount of ambiguity involved, and mistakes around that ambiguity are easy to make and hard to detect. So, Gosling decided that Java should not allow Multiple Inheritance at all. Almost all of the functionality of class-based Multiple Inheritance can be obtained via Interfaces. Additionally, not supporting Multiple Inheritance greatly simplifies the compiler requirements, and makes the JVM faster and easier to create.
Ambiguity is uncertainty or doubt in the meaning of a word or phrase. This can occur when a term has multiple interpretations or is not clearly defined. Clarifying context or asking for further explanation can help resolve ambiguity.
One of the main reasons for creating Java was to address the problems of C++. One such problem was multiple inheritance, which was prone to ambiguity when a class inherited from two separate classes which shared a function with an identical definition. The designers of Java decided to eliminate this problem altogether by only allowing a class to inherit from a single other concrete class.
Single Inheritance Multiple Inheritance Multilevel Inheritance
Types of dominance, multiple alleles, sex linked inheritance, polygenic inheritance and maternal inheritance.
Java does not support multiple inheritance. It is done with the help of interfaces in java. a class can implement n number of interfaces, thus showing multiple inheritance. but a class cannot extend multiple classes in java.
Java does not allow the multiple inheritance of concrete classes, though it does allow a "hybrid" inheritance of one concrete class and multiple interfaces.
Java does not support direct multiple inheritance. You can implement partial multiple inheritance using interfaces. ex: public class ExMultInherit implements interface1, interface2, interface 3 { ... .... ...... }
There are no drawbacks to multiple inheritance if multiple inheritance is precisely what is required to achieve your goal. If there are any drawbacks then it is only because of poor design, not multiple inheritance itself. For instance, when designing classes to simulate vehicles, an amphibious vehicle would inherit the properties of both an off-road vehicle and a marine vehicle, therefore multiple inheritance would be an appropriate usage.
C is not object-oriented -- you can't even use single inheritance let alone multiple inheritance.
Java does not support direct multiple Inheritance. Harder to implement, not every language support it: C++ does, Java does not.