Io is one of Jupiter's satellite (equivalent to our moon).
Any planet you fancy. There is no "starting" point in our Galaxy.
There is no planet that is called the "glossy planet".
A moon? I don't think a planet orbiting another planet would be called a planet.
The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body is called the atmosphere.
The planet Mars does not have any stars. It does have two moons, however, these moons are called Phobos and Deimos.
Jupiter
I dont think it is called a blue planet, but if it is, that is because it has more water than any other known planet
The gas surrounding any planet is called its atmosphere.
Saturn is often called the ringed planet because it has more rings than any other planet in the solar system, and they are the most visible.
Any planet you fancy. There is no "starting" point in our Galaxy.
I think you mean "Pluto". This was a planet, but now is called a "dwarf planet".
Because it is larger than any other planet in our solar system.
Half of any sphere (a rounded solid) is called a hemisphere.
There is no planet that is called the "glossy planet".
There is no special name for them. Any planet can hit by them. Earth gets hit by them.
Any body that orbits the sun is called a planet. a planet has a specific definition. there are asteroids that orbit the sun but they are not called planets. its mostly things that revolve around the sun and reflect light.
Yes it is called Dysnomia.