Thorium is not used in nuclear medicine.
Thorium was not used in nuclear weapons.
No, Thorium is a fertile nuclear material.
Uranium (as metal, dioxide, carbide, etc.) is the nuclear fuel for nuclear power reactors; plutonium is obtained also from uranium 238 and thorium 232 generate uranium 233.
Common compounds of thorium: thorium dioxide, thorium trifluoride, thorium tetrafluoride, thorium tetrachloride, thorium triiodide, thorium diiodide, thorium tetraiodide, thorium nitrate, thorium oxalate, thorium carbide, thorium sulfides, thorium nitride, thorium oxinate, etc.
Uranium (as uranium dioxide, uranium carbide, uranium metal, uranium alloys, etc.), plutonium and thorium.
1. Thorium is more abundant than uranium. 2. Thorium is not so expensive as uranium. 3. Countries without uranium but with thorium reserves have the possibility to build nuclear reactors. 4. Natural thorium has only one isotope; enrichment is not necessary. 5. Thorium can't be used in nuclear weapons. 6. The specific activity of thorium is very low. 7. The physical properties of ThO2 are superior to the properties of UO2. 8. The nuclear properties of thorium are suitable for a nuclear fertile material.
Yes, thorium was used as a fertile material in nuclear reactors.
Thorium is not expensive; for thorium dioxide (99,99 %) the price is cca. 0,1 USD/g.
Thorium as a metal is obtained by a calciothermic process from thorium dioxide. Other methods are: electrolysis of thorium tetrafluoride and thermal decomposition of thorium tetraiodide (Van Arkel-de Boer process).
Today thorium is used as nuclear fuel only in India; very probable the future will be different.
In this type of nuclear reactor the fertile isotope thorium-232 is transformed in the fissile isotope uranium-233 and this act as a nuclear fuel.
Approx. 50 USD/pound for thorium dioxide (99,99 %).