No, there are vast discrepancies between the two format. In short, in TOEFL iBT there are Integrated tasks in TOEFL Speaking and TOEFL Writing sections which are missing in PBT. There are also differences in TOEFL Reading and Listening section that basically make the iBT guide book useless for PBT exam.
No part of the writing process is optional.
Essay Writing
TOEFL iBT passing scores range depending on the skill being tested. For example, pass scores for reading and listening are 15 out of 30 while passes for speaking and writing are 17 out of 30.
Optional most of the time.
They are the same, writing the zero is optional.
The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) practice website may be used to measure an individuals ability to read, speak, and write English. The site provides information such as fees, test centres, and FAQs for individuals interested in writing the TOEFL exam. It also provides sample questions and tips for success to pass the examination.
Tips to score good marks in TOEFL writing sectionLike IELTS, TOEFL is another important English language test that measure the English language ability of those candidates who wish to seek admission in any of the English universities. Due to the recent advancement in technologies, the old computer based and paper based TOEFL tests are being replaced with internet-based test. But still, paper based TOEFL test can be seen in some selected areas. Along with providing good career opportunities and higher studies options, TOEFL training also helps you to improve your Listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Here are a few tips that will help you to improve your TOEFL writing section:Understand the question: This is the first thing that you need to keep in mind before writing TOEFL exam. Read the questions carefully and repeatedly to avoid possible errors while answering it. You must understand all the aspects of every questions so that you can express your answers easily.Concentrate on timed writing exercises: While practicing TOEFL writing exercises, you will get a lot of time to think and formulate the sentences. But, the situation is different at the time of exam and you need to hurry up all the processes in order to finish it before the time exceeds. Therefore, you must practice timed writing techniques so that you can save a lot of time during the exam.Quality matters: There will be certain word limits for each TOEFL writing questions and remember not to write anything lesser or higher than that word limit because it may reduce your marks. The examiner always search for quality instead of quantity and therefore, always try to provide good content.Never use abbreviations: Don't use any abbreviations while you are writing essays or sentences. Always write out every words in full forms so that the TOEFL examiner can easily evaluate your paper.Create a simple sentence pattern: Try to bring sentence variety in your writings. Create your own writing styles using various word connectors. You can use a words like 'however', 'but', 'although' etc., in your sentences to avoid repetition of sentences.Use details and examples: Try to support your answer with details and examples if possible. Examples makes it easy for the TOEFL examiner to understand what you mean and evaluate the answers accordingly.Always give an opinion: In TOEFL writing section, there may be some questions that asks for the candidate's opinion on certain arguments. So always give some kind of opinion even if you don't know much about the topic. Don't leave the question without marking your opinion because it may create a bad impression in the examiner's mind.
TOEFL=Test Of English As Foreign Language
Click on the related links section (TOEFL) indicated below. It will take you to the TOEFL site where you can register for the test.
yes toefl or ielts is compulsory
As far as I know, TOEFL scores are only valid for two years. If you did toefl in 1998, then you have to retake the exam again.