Yes!
No.
Anything that is not restricted by the TSA to be shipped with you.
The right to travel with a US passport is one benefit of being a citizen of the US. US citizens need a passport to travel to other countries.
May be Afghanistan is the only friend country for USA, in which US citizens need Visa to travel.
no
Passports are not required for travel inside the US. Anyway, non-citizens, legal or not, are not eligible for US passports.
Only in the US and it's territories.
paying off taxes and keep the community safe
All countries in Europe
Yes
Indeed.
This will depend on where you want to travel. If only within US then you need a valid ID, if international travel you need you passport, visa and other requirements like immunization and such.