mercury
Mercury
Mariner 2
Depends how close you reckon a craft has to get to "probe". Mariner 4, launched by the U.S., studied Mars in 1965 - the first craft to do so. Mariner 3 was supposed to be first, but a mechanical failure caused the mission to fail. Mariner 4 sent back detailed photos of the surface taken as it flew within 6000 miles (9700km) of the surface, the first pictures being taken on July 14, 1965.The first craft to actually land on Mars was the landing unit of Mars 3, a Soviet mission. It touched down on the surface at 13:37:75 UT on December 2nd, 1971. However, transmissions ceased a mere 14.5 seconds later and the craft was never heard from again.
The Mariner 10 space probe was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program, and launched on 3 November 1973. Its mission was to measure the atmospheric, surface, and physical characteristics of Mercury and Venus. After taking some 4000 photographs of Venus, Mariner 10 then flew by Mercury, taking the first photographs detailed enough to reveal the planet's cratered surface and a faint atmosphere of predominantly helium.
Mercury was studied by the Mariner 10 Probe and has a crater pitted surface.
Mercury
Mercury
mercury
Mercury
Mariner 10
Marnier 10 studied 2 planets, Venus and Mercury. It studied Venus on it's way to Mercury. Marnier 10 managed 3 fly-bys on Mercury before running out of maneuvering gas.
Mercury
Mariner 2
The mariner spacecraft explored Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The first successful space probe and first spacecraft visit to a planet was Mariner 2.
The Mariner 9.
Saturn