Depends how close you reckon a craft has to get to "probe". Mariner 4, launched by the U.S., studied Mars in 1965 - the first craft to do so. Mariner 3 was supposed to be first, but a mechanical failure caused the mission to fail. Mariner 4 sent back detailed photos of the surface taken as it flew within 6000 miles (9700km) of the surface, the first pictures being taken on July 14, 1965.
The first craft to actually land on Mars was the landing unit of Mars 3, a Soviet mission. It touched down on the surface at 13:37:75 UT on December 2nd, 1971. However, transmissions ceased a mere 14.5 seconds later and the craft was never heard from again.
Mariner 4.
launched on November 28, 1964 from Cape Canaveral aboard an Atlas-Agena D booster.
Mariner 4
The first probe to land on Mars was called, the Hubble space craft.
viking 1
The probe launched on November 26, 2011 is called the Mars Science Laboratory, and includes a new larger rover called Curiosity. The probe will arrive at Mars in August 2012.
Titan, by the Huygens Probe, which was part of the Cassini-Huygens Probe.
Voyager
The first probe to land on Mars was called, the Hubble space craft.
viking 1
Valles Marineris, after the Nasa Mariner space probe that first imaged this huge scar on Mars
venus and plutset 1950
No space has ever gone to mars. It would around 9 months to get there. A space probe has been sent to Mars and it was called Pathfinder.
Sputnik
Luna I
Beagle 2
Beagle 2
Beagle 2
The first US space probe was named "Pioneer 1". It was launched on 11th October 1958.
First ever satellite to land on the planet Mars was a Russian probe called Mars 2. Albeit it did not land but crashed. The first successful probe to land on Mars was Mars 3 sent by the Russians, however the probe was operational for 15 minutes after landing on Mars. The first American probe to land on Mars was the Viking 1 on the 20th of July 1976.