You MUST consult a CURRENT reloading manual from one of the major powder/ammunition makers.
that depends on caliber, bullet weight, powder type, amount of powder, the gun used and other factors.
Primer, case, powder and bullet.
All firearms need: A projectile such as a bullet, gun powder to propel the bullet out of the barrel of the gun, and a cartridge to hold them together. Gun powder only explodes and the force from the explosion propels the bullet out of the barrel, basically. The cartridge is disposed of thereafter. A bullet will not move unless the gunpowder behind it explodes. This is the basic operation of a firearm/rifle.
Depends on rifle, bullet, case design and powder charge.
Black powder, or a BP substitute such as Pyrodex. NEVER use smokeless powder. For bullets, either a lead bullet made for muzzleloaders, or a muzzleloading sabot and matching bullet. You need to read the owner's manual. If you do not have one, contact CVA thru their website.
the 1861 springfield was of the cap and ball type. gun powder was poured down the barrel then a lead bullet was also tamped down the barrel over the powder. the powder was ignited with a percussion cap. if the powder was wet or damp, the rifle would not fire. the shooter would then have to place a worm screw on the end of his cleaning rod in order to extract the lead bullet and powder. as outlined note there is no bullet chamber other then the barrel itself.
If you're referring to a cartridge for a handgun or rifle, there are only 4 parts. The case, the primer, the powder charge and the bullet. "Bullet" actually refers only to the piece of lead.
22 Short, Long and Long Rifle differ in the case length and/or amount of powder/bullet weight.
22 shorts can be used in any 22 cal. weapon. however, some 22 rifles require long or long rifle 22 bullets. AA: Normally you use 22 shorts in a 22 cal revolver. 22 shorts use pistol powder. It burns much faster than rifle powder. Thus, a 22 short bullet is going as fast as it is going to go after it has travelled about 4 inches. A 22 long or long rifle uses rifle powder. The powder burns slower. It has finished burning when the bullet is about 20 inches down the barrel. A 22 long rifle bullet has very little force when shot from a pistol. The powder is still burning long after the bullet slowly left the barrel. So use pistol ammunition for a pistol and rifle ammunition for a rifle.
The correct term is cartridge- which is the cartridge case, primer, powder, and bullet. A sniper rifle is simply an accurate, long range rifle that is used by a sniper. It may look exactly like my long range hunting rifle- since most military sniper rifles BEGAN as a civilian hunting weapon.
22 hornet is a 22 calibre rifle. Most think of a 22 rifle as a rim fire rifle. But it shoots a 22 calibre bullet but the cartridge case that fires the bullet is no where near the same. The Hornet holds much more powder and is center fire.
Components include a cartridge case, a primer, powder and projectile- a bullet or shot.