Genoa and Venice
The Spice Trade was a two-part endeavor. Arab merchants went to the Indian subcontinent or sailed to Indonesia to buy spices from local merchants and brought them to the Levantine ports like Jaffa, Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. Or, they would be brought to the major Turkish cities like Istanbul and Bodrum. At all of these port cities, Venetian merchants would purchase the spices from the Arab merchants and redisperse them in Venice to various European States. As the Venetians were the most effective shipbuilders in the Mediterranean, they prevented the rise of any European attempting to cut into the trade. (Venice is now part of Italy, but it was independent until the 1800s.)
1. Merchants gained wealth, and the middle class prospered. Nobles did poorly, as the land they owned brought fewer benefits. Peasants either felt little change or suffered, falling into poverty. By the 1700s, European societies were still divided into distinct social classes. Merchants who invested in overseas ventures developed wealth, while the price revolution hurt nobles, whose wealth was in land. Economic changes took generations, even centuries, to be felt by the majority of Europeans, who were still peasants. The merchants and skilled workers of Europe's growing cities thrived. Middle-class families enjoyed a comfortable life. In contrast, hired laborers and those who served the middle and upper classes often lived in crowded quarters on the edge of poverty.
Horizontal mergers are closely monitored by the government to prevent a monopoly from being created when the companies merge. Huge benefits can be gained by the merged companies when a competitor disappears from the same market and for the consumer the prices are driven upwards, which can be bad news.
Wages/utility gained from working.
Cyprus
They were by and large Merchant Princes, nobleman who had gained concessions to have a monopoly in certain areas of trade. Artistic patronage was a matter of prestige.
The Spice Trade was a two-part endeavor. Arab merchants went to the Indian subcontinent or sailed to Indonesia to buy spices from local merchants and brought them to the Levantine ports like Jaffa, Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. Or, they would be brought to the major Turkish cities like Istanbul and Bodrum. At all of these port cities, Venetian merchants would purchase the spices from the Arab merchants and redisperse them in Venice to various European States. As the Venetians were the most effective shipbuilders in the Mediterranean, they prevented the rise of any European attempting to cut into the trade. (Venice is now part of Italy, but it was independent until the 1800s.)
Because the merchants gained profit from it.
great Britain gained what? as a result of the opium war was?
Italian cities gained importance primarily through trade. This is evident by the huge trading monopolies conducted by Venice and Genoa during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance era.
they gained wealth, gained status in society, joined a growing middle class for skilled workers
they gained wealth, gained status in society, joined a growing middle class for skilled workers
they gained wealth, gained status in society, joined a growing middle class for skilled workers
Merchants, shippers, and factory owners all gained wealth during the industrial revolution. They also gained status in society, and it also ended with a larger middle class of people.
Merchants, shippers, and factory owners all gained wealth during the industrial revolution. They also gained status in society, and it also ended with a larger middle class of people.
Jerusalem was one of the cities gained during the First Crusade but that is all I know.
During the 1920's and 30's, the Italian government gained control of Libya, Somaliland and Eritrea.