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You can probably get a better idea from Wikipedia's article on Mutations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation
No. Skin cells are somatic cells. Your offspring come from gametes which are made by germ line cells. Only mutations in germ line cells or your gametes are passed on to your offspring.
Sex cells
There offspring with mutations
If the mutation occurs during meiosis, the mutation will be incorporated into a gamete. If that gamete is the one that eventually fuses with another gamete (i.e. if it's the sperm that fertilizes the egg), that mutation will be passed on to the offspring. As all the offspring's cells are the result of the first two gametes, all the organism's cells will have that mutation. Obviously this can have dire consequences for the offspring, if the mutation is harmful. If instead it occurs during mitosis, it won't get inherited by the offspring, so any harmful effects are limited to you. Basically it's like getting a wound, you may heal or not, but you won't pass that wound on to any offspring you may subsequently have.
Depends on how likely the mutation is to occur (how dominate) and on the genetics of the other parent. If the offspring is a clone, the mutation will be passed from parent to clone.
A somatic mutation is one that occurs in any body cell with the exception of the gametes (sperm and eggs). A somatic mutation cannot be passed on to offspring, so it affects only the person with the mutation.
In the gametes (e.g. sperm or egg)
You can probably get a better idea from Wikipedia's article on Mutations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation
In the gametes.
A mutation can be passed on if it occurs in a sex cell. This is because offspring have a copy of the parent's genetic code, so any mutation that is present here will also be present in the offspring.
a cell wall
No. Skin cells are somatic cells. Your offspring come from gametes which are made by germ line cells. Only mutations in germ line cells or your gametes are passed on to your offspring.
Sex cells
There offspring with mutations
Not with natural reproduction. If you cloned the parent that had the somatic mutation, you could pass it on to the offspring if you used the nucleus from the cell that had the somatic mutation.
Not usually. Only In certain circumstances, can a mutation be passed on to offspring; such as Downs-syndrome.