1) Rosh Hashanah is the first of the month of Tishrei, and is the Jewish New Year. On that day our traditions state that the world is judged for the coming year (Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 16a); and we read the Torah and say prayers which ask for a good year and which declare God's kingship over the world. Festive meals are held in the home, and traditional foods (such as the well-known apple dipped in honey) are eaten to symbolize a sweet year.
2) On Hanukkah, we celebrate the miracle of the oil, which occurred during the Hasmonean victory over the Syrian-Greeks (Talmud, Shabbat 21b); and we also thank God for His having helped us to oust the Syrian-Greeks (Seleucids) and their lackeys, the Hellenizing Jews. The Syrian-Greeks, at the instigation of the Hellenizers, had forbidden various Torah-practices, such as Sabbath-observance, and pressed the Jews to offer up idolatrous sacrifices. The Hasmoneans (a religious Jewish family) fought to retake the Holy Temple, which had been seized by the Seleucids, and to enable the people to once again observe the Torah. When they reached the Temple grounds, they found only one day's supply of pure olive oil, but the oil lamps miraculously burned for eight days (ibid.), allowing enough time for new oil to be prepared and brought.
The significance of the miracle is that it demonstrated that God's presence still dwelt in the Holy Temple.
During Hanukkah, the Al-Hanisim prayer centers around the Hasmoneans' victory, while the candle-lighting commemorates the miracle of the oil.
Many of these holidays are found in Leviticus ch.23. Other occasions are more recent; specifically Purim (2375 years), Hanukkah (2200 years), and the fasts marking the Destruction of the Temple (Zechariah 7:3 and 8:19).The holidays begin at sunset and last until after nightfall around 25 hours later. They serve to enrich the Jewish year and to connect the people with their past.
All of these days are marked by added prayers and Torah-readings; and each has its specific observances.
Fast days:
Judaism has six yearly fasts. The fasts start shortly before dawn and end at twilight, except for Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Av which start the evening before at sunset and last for 25 hours.
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The Fast of Esther commemorates the danger that the Jews were in, during the events described in the Book of Esther.
The sixth fast, Yom Kippur, is the Day of Atonement, commanded in Leviticus 23:26-32.
Each festival has its specific purpose and laws:
Reasons for the holidays:
Every one of them has as its purpose "remembering the Exodus from Egypt" (as stated in our prayers and the kiddush over wine). In addition, Passover is a Thanksgiving to God for the barley-harvest, Shavuot is a thanksgiving to God for the wheat-harvest, and Sukkot is a thanksgiving to God for the ingathering of grain.
Shavuot also celebrates the Giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai, and Sukkot commemorates God having protected us in the wilderness.
It may also be noted that it is instinctive and a moral and emotional need to celebrate in front of God every so often. This was Cain's motivation in making his offering in Genesis ch.4 without having been commanded.
Had God not given us the Torah-festivals listed above, we might instinctively seek out those of the Canaanites, which the Torah warns against (Exodus 34:15) immediately before listing the Jewish festivals (in the following verses).
Jewish celebrations are referred to as "Yamim Tovim" or "Chaggim". See the attached Related Link.
See the attached Related Link.
Judaism has many festivals (see Leviticus ch.23). The Jewish weekly special day is the Jewish Sabbath, which is on Saturday (from Friday sundown until Saturday after twilight).
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See the attached Related Links.
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Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.
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It may be a Jewish name, if it is used by a Jewish family. If used by a non-Jewish family, then it is not a Jewish name. Virtually all names used by Jewish families are also non-Jewish names.
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Christian answer:Jesus celebrated all the Jewish festivals, so if you truly want to imitate the son of God it wouldn't hurt. Many Jewish festivals foreshadow the arrival of the Messiah, so by celebrating these festivals you are celebrating the fact that the Messiah has arrived and that through his your sins are forgiven.Jewish answer:The only reason a Christian might want to observe a Jewish festival would be to understand today's Jews a little better, and maybe some misconceptions might disappear. Otherwise, there is no spiritual reason.
Aphrodite was worshiped in the Aphrodisia, Adonia, Hysteria and Anagogia festivals.