Galileo, Newton, Albert Einstein and many other scientists.
Astronomer
sr isaac newton did astronomy
Physicist!
The proper name for the study of stars is astronomy. A person who studies stars is an astronomer.
Johannes Kepler is one name that will always be associated with the field of astronomy. The chief founder of contemporary astronomy, he was also a great mathematician and astrologer. Kepler was the first person to explain planetary motion.
I'm going to have to go with "Astronomy".
Several names are possible. "Observatory" is probably the one you're looking for, since that's the name of the place where the telescopes ARE, but these days the scientists who operate them, thanks to modern computers and networks, can be almost anywhere; for example, at the University, at a remote research lab, or even from home.
So non-scientists would not be disadvantaged.
Edmund Halley never married. He focused most of his life on his scientific work, particularly in the field of astronomy.
When astronomy is associated with mythology, and myths are created from it, the name becomes astrology.
Astronomy
Astronomers