Perigee
The Moon orbits over the tropical areas, within about 28 degrees of latitude north or south. The point on the Earth which is absolutely the CLOSEST to the Moon would be the point when the Moon reaches its "perigee". But that point moves as the Moon orbits the Earth.
Because the Earth is rotating, the "closest point" to the Moon will be changing all the time. Also, the Moon is moving in its orbit, of course.
The point at which the Moon is closest to Earth is known as the perigee. This occurs approximately once a month when the Moon reaches its closest point to Earth in its elliptical orbit. This phenomenon is called a "perigee-syzygy."
True. Perigee is the point in the moon's orbit when it is closest to Earth.
No
Yes. High tides happen on the point on earth closest to the moon, and the opposite side of the earth.
The moon is closest to Earth when it is at its perigee, which is the point in its orbit where it is nearest to our planet. This is due to the gravitational forces between Earth and the moon affecting their distance.
That would be at the moment of the New Moon closest to perihelion, which happens to be the one closest to New Years day or January 2. The moon is then in between the Earth and sun, while the Earth/Moon system is closest to the sun.
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Perigee
The moon is said to be at its Perigee when at its closest point to the Earth, Apogee when at its furthest point. Perigee and Apogee can also be used for other objects when orbiting about the Earth. If we talk about objects orbiting the sun (such as the planets) we use the term Perihelion and Aphelion (the helion part coming from the latin name of helios for the sun). If the perigee coincides with a full moon, we get a `supermoon`. The moon is at its largest circumference as it is at its closest, and is also full.
Earth is the closest planet to the moon and Venus follows as the second closest planet to the moon