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In Excel, an argument is a value that is passed to a function in order for it to carry out its task. So for a SUM function, it needs to know what values to add up. This means giving the SUM functions cell references or actual values to use in its calculations. Most functions require arguments, though some don't.

Here A1:A15 is the argument:

=SUM(A1:A15)

Here is an IF function with 3 arguments, as it needs a condition, an action if the condition is true and an action if the condition is false:

=IF(A3>=40,"Pass","Fail")
Arguments are the elements that are required by some functions in order to operate. To carry out their calculations they need certain information or figures to work on. Some functions have lots of required arguments and can be quite complicated. The arguments of the function are contained in the brackets of the function. For example, the A5:A10 here is the arguments for the function, telling the Sum function what cell range it is going to add.

=Sum(A5:B10)

All functions have brackets, though not all need to have arguments in the brackets. For example, this functions gives you the current date and time, and it doesn't require any arguments:

=Now()

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Q: One component of an Excel function is the argument. What is an argument?
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