The U.S. Supreme Court can hear appeals both from the U.S. Courts of Appeals ("Circuit Courts") and the state courts of last resort (often--but not always--called the state's supreme court). The Supreme Court's power to consider appeals from the state courts was confirmed in the case Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, and is meant to ensure some level of uniformity.
The US Supreme Court can also hear certain cases on expedited appeal directly from US District Courts. This is most likely to occur when one of the parties is a high-ranking government official, or if Congress has specified an expedited appellate process in a particular statute.
Most appeals to the US Supreme Court originate with the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts; however, under special circumstances, cases may be appealed directly from any of the courts listed below:
The circuit level courts. E.g., "The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals"
The twelve US Courts of Appeals Circuit Courts with territorial jurisdiction and the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit are all intermediate appellate courts within the federal court system. The decision of any Circuit Court may be appealed only to the US Supreme Court.
The District Courts, the Circuit Courts, the Court of Special Appeals and the states's supreme court which is called the Court of Appeals.
Appellate courts. In the federal court system, the appellate courts are the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts and the Supreme Court of the United States (aka US Supreme Court).
The numbered federal courts over which Supreme Court justices have limited authority are the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts. There are only thirteen Circuits, numbered one through eleven (as in US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit), plus the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. There is no Fourteenth Circuit or District.The 94 US District Courts (trial courts) are labeled by territorial jurisdiction, identifying the geographic area the court serves; for example, US District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The District Courts interact more directly with the intermediate appellate Circuit Courts than with the US Supreme Court.
Three:Trial level (primarily US District Courts)Appellate level (US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts)Supreme Court (US Supreme Court)
Yes, Congress first established the Circuit Courts in the Judiciary Act of 1891 (also called the Evarts Act or the Circuit Courts of Appeals Act) in order to relieve the US Supreme Court of part of its heavy caseload. The nine new appellate courts (called "United States Circuit Courts of Appeals" until 1948) also relieved the Supreme Court justices of their circuit riding responsibilities.
The second highest court is the U.S. Court of Appeals for the [Specific] Circuit (e.g., US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit), comprising twelve regional and one U.S. Federal Circuit. The Court of Appeals oversees the United States District Courts (trial courts), which have original jurisdiction over federal cases heard within their assigned territories.At the individual state level, the highest court is the [State] Supreme Court, which is subordinate to the U.S. Supreme Court on all issues except those involving the state legislature and state constitution, provided the legislation or state constitution doesn't violate federal law or US Constitutional mandates.
Congress created the US Courts of Appeals, now called the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts, to relieve the Supreme Court of much of its appellate caseload.
Courts of appeals review decisions made by lower courts and serve as a step between them and the next higher court, which is usually the supreme court at the state or federal level. They were created to promote efficiency and eliminate backlogs for higher courts.
VA Supreme Courts, VA Court of Appeals, Circuit Courts, and General District Courts. :}
Supreme Court district courts Circuit Courts Court of Veterans' Appeals