The colonists who supported the war for independence against Great Britain were called Patriots. Those who didn't support the war were called Tories or Loyalists.
Dude the questions not even complete
Colonists who remained loyal to Britain were called Loyalists.
Taxation without representation was the major grievance the colonists had against England (not yet called 'Great Britain'). The tax on tea was especially annoying. Colonists, having been British themselves, liked drinking their tea! The Boston Tea was a revolt against additional taxes imposed on tea. But leveling other taxes were endless, such as the Stamp Tax.
The pamphlet written by Thomas Payne was called Common Sense.
Patrick Henry was primarily riled up by Britain's imposition of taxes and laws on the American colonies without their consent, famously encapsulated in his rallying cry against "taxation without representation." The Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts, which levied taxes on everyday items, fueled his outrage and sense of injustice. Henry's passionate speeches called for resistance against British tyranny, ultimately advocating for independence and the rights of the colonists.
Loyalists
Colonists who opposed Britain and wanted freedom were patriots. Colonists who were loyal to Britain were loyalists or Tories. Most of the colonists wanted or didn't want freedom, so there really was no need to a name.
We called them 'patriots'. The British called them 'rebels'.
the colonists that were against the king
Because at the start 'The Americas' were a colony of Great Britain.
Loyalists. They were loyal to the king.