Thomas Hobbes
Congress was the dominant political institution during the 19th century.
Alexis de Tocqueville
Progressive
Liberals in the 19th century were the whigs in England. They had formed into a fairly large party by the mid-19th century.
Africans had a variety of political structures, including monarchies and kinship alliances.
Bolsheviks were a revolutionary political party in early 20th century Russia. They opposed the Romanov autocratic rule.
Championed literacy
Czars
Credit for this idea has been given to 19th century military theorist Carl von Clausewitz. His book called On War provides examples of this.
*actor, space, lighting
the salon
Both Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky were "students" in a sense of the writings of Carl von Clausewitz. They read his works and understood that political power can be enhanced towards a revolution that understands the connection or war and politics.
18th century political revolutions in Europe and the Americas
Congress was the dominant political institution during the 19th century.
Parliament in Britain achieved political sovereignty in the 18th Century.
They considered themselves non-Separatists
Congress was the dominant political institution in the US during most of the 19th century. The presidency became more powerful during the 20th century.