no political power
Kings and Nobles
He viewed them as allies in the effort to unite Italy and Germany.
The theory of kingship is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy.
I am assuming you are asking about disagreements between Church authorities, such as popes, and secular authorities, such as kings or emperors. The answer is yes, sometimes the kings and emperors won. Their victories were not permanent, but the victories sometimes lasted for the rest of their lives. There was a period from 1305 to 1378, for example, when the popes were so dominated by the Kings of France that they did not go to Rome and remained in what has been called the "Babylonian Captivity" of the popes.
Hierarchical (Nobles/Kings)
In Time, Kings gained power as different forces weakened feudalism.
Ezana and other ancient kings told of the military victories in stone inscription so as to send a chilling message to their enemies and encourage those who would succeed them.
The US gained its independence from tyranny and oppression. From Britain, and the kings and queens that controlled them.
A the age of absolutism
yes
As West African societies developed complex trade systems, some powerful individuals called kings gained control