ARP
ARP
RARP
An originating host must determine if a packet should be sent directly to a host in the local network or be directed to the gateway.
ANDing is used by a router, to see if the host which has to be contacted, is on the local network of the router, or a remote network.
Local delivery
The localhost address is designed to verify that the software for networking has been installed and is operating correctly. It does not pass any packets to the network.
the address Class
DNS stands for Domain naming system. it basicly translate ip address to host names and host names to ip address. If you use it on a local network it allows you to use your own naming conventions for your local subnet . Which helps to work easily in huge network need to remember only host names in network.
When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, the router looks at the destination IP address in the packet’s header to determine where to forward the message. This IP address is used to identify the specific network and host within that network. The router uses its routing table to decide the best path for the packet based on this destination IP address. The MAC address is not used for routing between different networks, as it only applies to the local network segment.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Do_packets_that_are_sent_to_host_on_the_same_local_network_need_to_be_translated"
To access resources on a local network, a host requires its own IP address to identify itself, a subnet mask to determine the network's range, and the default gateway's IP address to route traffic to other networks. Additionally, the host may need the DNS server address for domain name resolution. These elements enable proper communication within the network and with external resources.
The default gateway of a host computer is typically the IP address of a router that connects the local network to external networks, such as the internet. It serves as the forwarding host for packets that are destined for addresses outside the local subnet. The default gateway enables communication between devices on different networks and is essential for routing traffic beyond the local area network (LAN).