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Because they need a device to communicate with a distant network through. These devices are called gateways, and are normally routers. The hosts on a segment need to have knowledge of the gateway device in order to communicate outside the segment.

In most environments, the local network will have an internal addressing scheme, one that is not routable on the internet, so there needs to be a device that can translate the internal addresses (non routable on the internet) into external addresses (routable on the internet). Of course this device needs to be connected to both the internal network and the external network to be able to send traffic between them.

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