Possibly, if the alternator is driven by that belt and it is setting a voltage code.
It is one of hundreds of things that could turn the check engine light on.
Check your gas cap.....My check Engine light always comes on if it is loose or not on at all.
Reset the Check Engine Light by disconnecting the battery for about 10 minutes.
A check engine light usually indicates a malfunction in the engine. This can range from something as small as a loose gas cap to a major malfunction such as overheating or failed catalytic converter.
Check for loose or worn serpentine or drive belts.
Could have a restricted exhaust such as a damaged catalytic converter. If you have a check engine light on check for the codes.
lots of things from a loose gas cap to a misfire
Not likely but possible.
When the check engine light comes on, do not ignore it. This is an obvious sign to get the engine checked. However, before you do so, you have to see if the cap is loose because this sometimes causes the light to appear. Once that's tightened, the light should disappear.
If it was actually caused by a loose cap, it will reset itself in a few days.
The gas cap was loose on my '04 Sienna. How's that for simple...
Engine that was operated with a loose , missing or bad fuel cap.