Unfortunately we cannot answer this question without knowing what is taught in Thermo I, Thermo II, and Heat Transfer at your particular school. Different schools cover different topics in different orders in courses that have the same names but completely different content at other schools.
Laws of Thermodynamics and Equilibria. Each object wishes to reach equilibrium with atmosphere. One gives off heat, the other absorbs it (until both objects and the atmosphere in the vacuum are the same temperature). Process of heat transfer achieved through Radiation.
Wrong, transfer of heat by conduction does take place in fluids.
Conduction, which is the transfer of heat through direct contact between particles, cannot take place in a vacuum because there are no particles present to transfer the heat.
Not exactly. The first law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law of conservation of energy, also accounts for heat as one of the many forms that energy can take. There is no one law called "the law of thermodynamics", but there are several "Laws of Thermodynamics" (note the plural form "LAWS").
In all circumstances where a material is hotter than its surroundings, heat transfer takes place.
Wrong, transfer of heat does take place in fluids. In fact it can take place more efficiently in fluids than in solids because convection is possible in fluids.
Chemical and mechanical engineers receive similar training in thermodynamics, fluid flow and heat transfer, and mass transfer. Chemical engineers receive additional training in chemistry and reactor design, while mechanical engineers take additional classes in physics and statics.
Heat transfer occurs as energy flows from warmer matter to cooler matter. This transfer can happen through conduction, convection, or radiation, depending on the medium. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that heat naturally moves from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature.
Conduction takes place in the process of heat transfer through direct contact between objects or substances.
This is known as convection heat transfer. As particles in a heated substance rise, they carry heat energy with them, causing cooler particles to move in to take their place. This circulation creates a transfer of heat throughout the substance.
Radiation is the type of heat transfer that moves as a wave. This occurs through electromagnetic waves, such as light or infrared radiation, that transfer heat energy from one object to another without the need for a medium.
Sure.