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No, a Eucharistic Minister may not refuse communion to anyone with the possible exception of very young children who have obviously not made their First Communion.
The General Instruction of the Roman Missal, No. 160 "When receiving Holy Communion, the communicant bows his or her head before the Sacrament as a gesture of reverence and receives the Body of the Lord from the minister. The consecrated host may be received either on the tongue or in the hand, at the discretion of each communicant. When Holy Communion is received under both kinds, the sign of reverence is also made before receiving the Precious Blood." The bow is not to the minister (or Priest) rather it is to the Body or Blood of Christ. So yes you bow regardless of who is the Eucharistic Minister.
The eucharistic minister says, "the body of Christ." and you say "Amen."
A bishop, priest, deacon, or Eucharistic minister.
Yes, they can.
Catholics do not TAKE Holy Communion, they may only RECEIVE it from a priest or a licensed Eucharistic Minister.
They are called a laymen who have been trained and appointed by their bishop to help a priest distribute Holy Communion at Mass or to carry the Eucharist to the sick or shut ins. They are normally called and Extraordinary Minister of the Eucharist.
In our church, (Roman Catholic) the bread holder is called a Eucharistic Minister. The person holding the cup of wine has this name also. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ In the Roman Catholic Church, the answer above (a Eucharistic ---- also called an Extraordinary ---- Minister) is the title of the person who DISTRIBUTES the body and/or blood of Christ. When Holy Communion is distributed in a place other than the church (hospital, home, nursing home, etc.), the case in which the Host is carried is called a pyx.
The ordained ministries in the Catholic Church are deacons, priests and bishops. There are also other extraordinary ministers but they are not ordained. Am example would be a Eucharistic minister.
Traditionally only communicants (those receiving communion) should process and present themselves to the Priest or Eucharistic Minister. Sometimes those not eligible to receive communion process and they cross their arms to signify that they should not be offered communion. If a priest is distributing communion they may say a quick blessing on the person. This started when parents did not want to leave young children in the pews and so brought them forward. Most churches prefer that only communicants process as this speeds up communion.
The usual minister for a parish is a priest or bishop. In rare cases where there is a shortage of priests, a deacon or even lay Eucharistic minister may lead a prayer service and distribute communion that has been previously consecrated at a Mass by a priest.
The Extraordinary Ministers of the Eucharist help the presiding Priest at the Celebration of the Eucharist, i.e. Mass, distribute communion to the congregation. The link below is compiled from the two documents issued by Rome which cover Extraordinary Ministers: