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The first law applies in this case. The car and its contents are moving at a constant rate and everything is fine. When suddenly the brake is applied, since the human is not tied to the seat with nuts and bolts, it tends to keep moving forward at the same speed that the car was travelling before the brake was applied. Since it is rather unwise to tie the human to the seat with nuts and bolts, the next best thing would be to provide a restraining agent to minimize the forward motion of the body and yet give him freedom of movement to operate the vehicle. The buttocks of the driver are a bit more rigidly fixed to the seat (relatively speaking) than the upper torso. The whole body continue to move at the speed at which the car was travelling before the brake was applied, but the upper torso moves forward farther and faster. The shoulder belt tries to minimize this speed lest the driver hit the steering column. The lap belt provides the same function to the lower portion of the body.

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Q: Slamming on the brakes in a moving car makes a passenger move forward against his seat because of what?
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