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Substance of a penny

Updated: 9/14/2023
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11y ago

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Assuming you're asking what a US cent is made of:

Since mid-1982 all US cents have been made of 97.5% zinc with 2.5% copper plating.

From mid-1864 to 1942 and from 1944 to mid-1982 they were bronze, 95% copper and 5% tin and/or zinc

In 1943 they were made of zinc-plated steel due to wartime copper shortages.

From 1857 to mid-1864 they were made of copper alloyed with nickel.

Before that they were pure copper.

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Is the Canadian penny a pure substance or a mixture?

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In this experiment, the control group would be the penny! The independent variable is the substance/water on the penny, and the dependent is how many drops the penny takes.


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Pennies are made of zinc plated with copper. Copper reacts with oxygen and water to form copper oxide. This is the tarnish you see on pennies that have been in damp conditions. The only U.S. coins that can truly rust are the 1943 zinc coated steel cents.


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Over time there is less copper so you have to use zinc instead. A lot had to do with the World War II.


Why penny flattened by a hammer is a physical change?

It is a physical change, because it does not change in substance. A penny, whether in its normal state or flattened, is still a penny. Similarly, if you drop a watermelon and it breaks apart, that is also considered to be a physical change because it is still a watermelon. Things are considered to be chemical changes when the substance changes into something new, and is commonly classified as irreversible. When an object rusts, it is considered to be a chemical change. Chemical changes are associated with a temperature change, or a color change or bubbling or something of the sort. Physical changes deal with physical changes in state, for example, ice melting, or in the example you provided, a penny being flattened.


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zinc is 97.5% of the penny and copper is 2.5% of the penny