The answer depends on the jurisdiction, whether there is a will, how the title to the real estate is held, if the property was solely owned by the decedent, the state laws of intestacy and other state laws. You need to consult with an attorney in your state for a definitive answer.
If the decedent was the sole owner of the real estate and died intestate (without a will) you can check the laws of intestacy for your state at the related question link.
That would depend upon the laws of intestacy and survivorship in Indiana, and the exact words used in the deed. Without looking up your particular state: It may well be that the surviving joint tenant (the daughter) obtains exclusive ownership of the house, as the estate has no ownership of the house to distribute in probate of the intestate. If the daughter and father were tenants "in common", and not jointly, then the father's ownership passes to the statutory heirs by intestacy (typically half to the surviving spouse and half to be divided by all children or their surviving heirs, etc).
If a husband and wife own property as joint tenants, with rights of survivorship, and the husband dies - the surviving spouse gets the property regardless of what the will says. Joint tenancy supercedes wills.
If all of the decedent's descendants are also descendants of the surviving spouse, then the surviving spouse gets everything. If not, then the surviving spouse gets to keep her half of the community property and also gets a life estate in one-third of the decedent's separate real property and 1/3 of the decedent's separate personal property (which includes cash). The surviving spouse also gets the right to live in the homestead for however long she chooses, until she abandons it, but she must pay the interest on the mortgage and taxes with respect to the home. The decedent's children get the rest, and they are responsible for principal reductions on the home mortgage and any insurance.
If the deed is in JOINT ownership, the survivor gets it automatically. If there is a will, the property goes to whomever it is willed to. If there is no will, the laws of intestacy apply, giving the spouse a share and surviving children a share.
"Someone else" gets the property. The surviving spouse can certainly contest the will. And there may be specifics in the state that entitle the surviving spouse to a portion of the real property, or a life estate in real property. Consult an attorney licensed in the state in question.
Every state has different laws regarding what the surviving spouse gets in the case of the death of one of them. You should have a will in place to direct where you want your assets to go.
Technically, the debt has to be resolved by the estate. And as the spouse gets the estate, they will be paying one way or another. And is many cases the spouse benefits from the debt, they can come after the money
That depends on whether your parent was married at the time of death and if yes, whether the surviving spouse is also your parent. If the surviving spouse is not also your parent then the estate will be shared 50/50 with the surviving spouse getting half and the surviving children by a first wife sharing the other half. If the surviving spouse is also your parent then the surviving spouse gets 100%. If there is no surviving spouse the children get 100%.It is likely the estate will need to be probated. You should seek advice from an attorney who specializes in probate matters and who can provide up to date information.https://www.thebalance.com/dying-without-a-will-in-florida-3504952
The spouse that stays in the house will depend on whether the husband and wife agree. If they don't agree, the judge in the case will decide who gets the home.
That's not normally how the insurance works. It is in one person's name and when they die, their surviving spouse or beneficiary gets the benefits. Speak with a local attorney who specializes in estate planning to determine which laws apply to you.
If your parent dies and there is no will, there is a legal order of inheritance. The surviving spouse is next in line, then the children.
Yes, probate would be necessary to insure that all debts are taken care of, the title gets properly transferred and that the appropriate state and federal taxes are paid. Consult a probate attorney in NC for specifics. There may be a short version of probate that can be used.