Chemiosmosis
The molecule recycled between the Calvin cycle and the light-dependent reactions is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is produced in the light-dependent reactions and then utilized in the Calvin cycle to provide energy for the synthesis of sugars.
ATP and NADPH
ATP is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis through photophosphorylation. It provides energy for the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) by powering enzyme activity and providing the necessary energy for carbon fixation and the synthesis of carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis generates ATP during the light-dependent reactions (photophosphorylation) and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions (photolysis of water and reduction of NADP+ to NADPH).
ATP and NADPH
ATP and NADPH
Synthesis of ATP by chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons are pumped across the membrane by the electron transport chain, creating a proton gradient. ATP synthase then uses this gradient to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
ATP and NADPH
The energy sources for the Calvin cycle are ATP and NADPH, which are produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These molecules provide the necessary energy and reducing power for the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates in the Calvin cycle.
No, ATP molecules are not directly made during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis (Calvin cycle). ATP is produced during the light-dependent reactions (Light reactions) of photosynthesis when light energy is used to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP. The ATP produced in the light reactions is then utilized as an energy source during the Calvin cycle to drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose.
ATP formation happens in the stroma of the chloroplast during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, specifically in the process of ATP synthesis through the enzyme ATP synthase. In the thylakoid space, ATP is mainly produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis through the process of photophosphorylation.
ATP and NADPH