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In thermodynamics, a system is that part of the universe which is under experimental study or observation. The surroundings constitute everything other than system. That is The universe = The system + The surroundings

But practically surroundings of a system is the neighborhood of the system which can interact with the system.

Types of systems:

1. Open System

An open system can exchange both energy and matter with the surroundings.

Eg: Hot water kept open in cup. Here both matter (steam) and energy (heat) is exchanged with the surroundings by the system.

2. Closed System

A closed system can exchange energy but not matter with the surroundings.

Eg: Hot water kept closed in a cup. Exchange of only heat takes place.

3. Isolated System

In an isolated system, exchange of matter as well as energy is not possible.

Eg: Hot water kept in a thermos flask. Exchange of steam as well as heat does not takes place.

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