Ellipse.
An elliptical orbit is a flattened circle or oval-like shape followed by a planet as it travels around the sun. It is a common shape observed in celestial bodies' paths due to the gravitational pull between them.
The term used to describe the Sun and the planets that orbit around it is "solar system."
The normal orbit of planets and moons is in the same direction as the spin of the parent body. The particular norm in our solar system is counter-clockwise. Planets or moons that orbit in the reverse direction (clockwise) are termed retrograde. Confusingly, the same term (retrograde rotation) is used to mean clockwise spin or rotation.
First, recall that planets orbit the sun, not the other way around. Secondly, the term electron cloud is used to describe the body of electrons that orbit the nucleus of an atom. To answer your question as succinctly as possible, the analogy of planets orbiting the sun is one of the best to consider when thinking about the orbit of electrons
Galileo used the telescope to support the heliocentric model (Planets orbit the sun)Nicolaus Copernicus worked out the arrangements of planets and how the move around the sun (heliocentric).Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler researched the planets' orbit and found that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse (Oval shape).
The term minor planet is still used, but after reclassification in 2006 these are now generally referred to as dwarf planets. Dwarf planets orbit the sun, but are not satellites, that is to say that they do not orbit another planet, since then they would be classified as moons. They are big enough to hold an ellipsoid shape under their own gravity (like a squashed sphere), but have not cleared their orbit of other objects. That is to say that at the same distace out, there is a significant amount of other matter that is not part of the dwarf planet.
"solar system" is the term used to describe planets orbiting a star. We know that planets also orbit binary and tertiary star systems, these would be different kinds of solar systems.
NASA calls them "free floating planets", and suspects that there may be more of them than there are stars! Science fiction writers have often used the term "rogue planets".
terrestrial
Yes, tiny planets are still called planets as long as they meet the criteria of orbiting a star, being spherical in shape, and clearing their orbit of other debris. Size does not define whether an object is considered a planet.
a path called the 'orbit' which you used as a verb in the question, but it's also the noun used to denote the path in which the planet keeps orbiting
A sphaira is a Greek term for a spherical object or shape. It is used in various contexts, from describing a series of geometric shapes to representing celestial bodies like planets.