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Plicae circulares and intestinal villi
In the absorptive enterocyte of the small intestine.
Probably you refer to polyps, which are abnormal growths and can be dangerous.
Villi
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That is the correct spelling of "ileum" (the absorptive lower section of the small intestine).
The absorptive surface area of the small intestine is actually about 250 square meters (almost 2,700 square feet) – the size of a tennis court! How is this possible? The small intestine has three features which allow it to have such a huge absorptive surface area packed into a relatively small space:1. Mucosal folds: The inner surface of the small intestine is not flat, but thrown into circular folds. This not only increases the surface area, but helps regulate the flow of digested food through your intestine.2. Villi: The folds form numerous tiny projections which stick out into the open space inside your small intestine (or lumen), and are covered with cells that help absorb nutrients from the food that passes through.3. Microvilli: The cells on the villi are packed full of tiny hair like structures called microvilli. This helps increase the surface of each individual cell, meaning that each cell can absorb more nutrients.
A: Lactose, or milk sugar, is digested by the enzyme lactase. Lactase is produced in the small intestine. It catalyses (speeds up) the digestion of lactose into two smaller sugars, glucose and galactose.
Four features of the small intestine make it efficient at absorption of digested food: 1. The small intestine is LONG- this ensures food remains in the small intestine long enough for the products of digestion to be fully absorbed into the bloodstrem. 2. The Small intestine is HIGHLY FOLDED into villi (s. villus)- This gives a greater surface area for more efficient diffusion of products into the bloodstream. 3. The small intestine has a RICH BLOOD SUPPLY - Each villus has a network of capillaries so that the products of digestion are carried away from the small intestine efficiently. 4. The epithelium of the small intestine in the villi is only ONE CELL THICK - for easier diffusion of the products of digestion into the bloodstream. The walls of the capillaries are only one cell thick as well!!
Food enters the small intestine first. It enters the duodenum in the small intestine.
The ileum of the small intestine is directly attached to the large intestine. It forms the majority of the small intestine. It is C-shaped and short. It is the middle portion of the small intestine. It is at the beginning of the small intestine.
The large intestine is on top of your small intestine.