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Q: The attenuation in wave guides near the cutoff frequency is?
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Why the medium conductivity is low at high frequency?

skin effect. current flow concentrates near surfaces and avoids the bulk.


What is near-far effect?

Adjacent channel interference nearby frequency leak into passband. The problem can be worse if an adjacent channel user is transmitting in very close range to a subscriber receiver. This problem is referred as near far affect. By Kazi Ashique Ahmed Rafi it usaully occurs in CDMA when users are transmitting unequal powers. by salman ahmed


Why local oscillator frequency are higher than signal frequency?

It doesn't have to be; you can do it either way.If it's part of a transceiver, then the LO is usually placed on the side of the Rx freq that'sopposite the Tx freq, so that leakage from the Tx oscillators can't produce Rx phantoms.Another thing to watch out for ... depending on the Rf band and the IF, you wouldn't wantthe LO to ever operate AT or near the IF frequency. That could really play havoc with theRx discrimination.For example ... an old AM radio, covering 0.55 to 1.6 MHz, with an IF of 0.455. If you put theLO on the low side, then at or near 910 on the dial, the LO runs at 455 to produce an IF at 455 !There's this loud LO blasting out at 455, while the IF strip is trying to work with this tiny receivedsignal at 455 at the same time. Not good.


What are the voltage and current characteristics of a series circuit?

The voltage and current characteristics of a zener diode in the forward bias condition (anode more positive than cathode) are similar to an ordinary diode. Below the cutoff voltage, the current is near zero, excepting for leakage current. Starting at the turnon voltage, the diode starts to conduct. As voltage increases, current increases. At this point, increases in current result in very small increases in voltage. Above the breakdown current, the diode tends to self-destruct. The cutoff voltage for a silicon diode typically ranges from 0.6V to 0.7V, and the beginning of the flat region ranges from 0.7V to 1.4V, depending on the current rating of the diode. The cutoff characteristic is also highly dependent on temperature. It is important to understand that, while the current to voltage curve is relatively flat between the cutoff and breakdown points, it is not completely flat. This is normal diode behavior. In the reverse bias condition (anode more negative than cathode), the zener diode behaves very much like its forward bias condition, except that the cutoff voltage and flat region range are higher and, sometimes, flatter. This is what a zener is used for - it makes a good voltage regulator.


What's the longest an RFID chip can be read?

Depends on the antenna, frequency, the reader power, and the design. Passive RFID's have a range from a few mm's to a few meters. In general, low frequency = near field rf = short range, higher frequency = far field rf = longer range. EPC HF near field tags have short ranges of less than 1 meter. EPC UHF tags are typically 1-2 meters reliable read. Far field range is very complex and it is possible to have multipath reflection arrangements where 10 meters may work... sometimes. With illegally high power transmitters, and large antennas, far field tags can be reliably read to tens of meters or more for non-commercial designs. Semi-passive RFID's can be read over hundreds of meters. Active RFID's are limited only by their transmit power and antenna design.

Related questions

Why is FM undesirable in the standard AM broadcast band?

The carrier frequency will cause interference with any AM station on or near that frequency.


Where is the fuel cut off switch for a 1998 Chevy blazer?

The fuel cutoff switch, on your 1998 Chevrolet Blazer, can be found on top of the fuel injector pump. The fuel injector pump is on the back side of the engine near the top.


Where is the fuel cut off switch in a citreon saxo?

fuel cutoff switch in engine compartment at back near bulkhead left r right


If frequency is maximum then the signal will far away or near?

What is the name of 5G Network?


What do people do for work on Everest?

There are yakherders, curio shops and Sherpa mountain guides galore near Everst.


How is Radio frequency ablation properly defined?

Radio Frequency Ablation is a medical procedure to localy destroy tumor cells. An application is brought near the tumor cells where it induces thermonecrosis.


What is the ability of an object to vibrate by absorbing energy at its natural frequency?

"Resonance" refers to the fact that, when an object is excited at, or near, its natural frequency, it will vibrate much strong than when excited at other frequencies.


IF the frequency is maximum then the signal will far awy or near?

higher frequencies attenuate more the further distance they travel.


What is the frequency of a radio wave with a wavelength of 3.11m?

100 MHz (near the middle of the commercial FM broadcast band)


How do cellphone charms detect that a phone near them is being called?

they work on a frequency, stick a phone near a speaker and ring it you will here a feedback noise on the speaker just before it rings or text it for similar effect. the noise you hear is the frequency and can sometimes flash even with out being called if it picks up other frequency, these dont work for 3g frequencys on most of these devices or 2100 gsm


Which colour has the minimum frequency?

Of the colors of visible light, that would be red. Note that there are electromagnetic waves with an even lower frequency - for example, infrared - but those are not visible to human eyes.


Why absorption happen in incomming light?

In absorption, the frequency of the incoming light wave is at or near the energy levels of the electrons in the matter.