Topsoil.
The top layer of soil, called the topsoil, is closest to the surface. It is the layer that contains most of the organic matter and nutrients needed for plant growth.
Regolith.
Regolith.
Permafrost is the term used to describe a frozen layer of soil that remains below the surface layer of topsoil.
The layer of soil at the surface of the ground is called topsoil. It is the topmost layer of soil which is rich in nutrients and organic matter, making it ideal for plant growth. Topsoil is essential for agriculture and gardening.
The loose layer of leaves on the surface of the soil is called leaf litter. Leaf litter plays a significant role in providing nutrients to the soil as it decomposes, which supports plant growth and overall ecosystem health.
Regolith.
The permanent layer of frozen soil is called permafrost. It remains frozen year-round and can extend several meters below the ground's surface.
== == This layer is called bedrock.
regolith, outer layer of the earth is made of rock and soil.
When organic matter in soil decomposes, it creates a layer called humus. Humus is a dark, organic material that is rich in nutrients and contributes to soil fertility. It helps to improve soil structure, moisture retention, and microbial activity.
The topsoil is the finest soil layer. Soil 'layers' are called horizons.