P generation
the P (parental) Generation
Tt and TT were the genotypes of the true breeding plants that Mendel used in his two factor cross.
first-generation plants
dominant
dominant
dominant
Mendel crossed true-breeding pea plants with contrasting traits in his first generation experiments. Specifically, he crossed a true-breeding purple-flowered plant with a true-breeding white-flowered plant.
When Mendel crossed true-breeding pea plants with different traits, he observed that the offspring in the first generation (F1) all displayed one of the parental traits. This led him to propose the Law of Dominance, which states that one trait will mask or dominate another in hybrids.
When two true-breeding plants are crossed, the offspring will inherit one allele from each parent for a specific trait. Since both parents are true breeding, all offspring in the first generation (F1) will exhibit the dominant trait, assuming the traits are determined by simple dominance. If the F1 generation is then self-crossed, the resulting F2 generation will display a phenotypic ratio that reflects the segregation of alleles, typically following Mendel's laws of inheritance.
In Mendel's first experiment with pea plants, he crossed true-breeding plants with contrasting traits (e.g., tall and short). He found that the first generation (F1) offspring all displayed one of the traits, while the second generation (F2) showed a 3:1 ratio of the dominant to recessive trait. This led him to formulate his principles of inheritance, now known as Mendelian genetics.
In Mendel's first experiment with pea plants, he observed a typical ratio of 3:1 for dominant to recessive traits. This ratio occurs when a heterozygous individual (Aa) is crossed with another heterozygous individual (Aa), resulting in a 25% chance of the offspring inheriting the recessive trait.
Mendel's experiment showed that with other traits it showed a similar pattern and also that it resulted that this crossed the first generation. The dwarf height traits had seemed to disappear. He then let the first generation plants self pollinate.