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The nucleotide sequences on DNA that actually have information encoding a sequence of amino acids are?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
The information code into the DNA is used to code all the processes happening in a living beings and needed to sustain its life. Proteins production is a particularly important class of such processes, due to the importance of proteins in the biological mechanism. Since a protein is essentially a sequence of 20 base amino acids, the codes driving proteins synthesis inside the cell is a transcription of the amino acid sequence characterizing the protein. When the protein is produced in the controlled chemical environment inside the cell, the amino acids chain will configure in the correct stereographic structure driven by the need of minimizing the molecule free energy so to constitute a functional biomolecule.
In eukaryote (the cells of more evolved beings), proteins are synthesized into the ribosomes, the specialized cell organelles. Even if the process is quite complex, in a first approximation it can be described as follows. The sequence of amino acids encoded in a DNA gene is translated into a mRNA that is used by the ribosome to assembly the correct sequence of amino acids while they are conveyed to the synthesis site by tRNA.
Each amino-acid is coded by a set of three nucleobases, called codon, thus the mRNA is read codon by codon during the protein synthesis. Specific codons, called START and STOP , are used begin and to stop the synthesis. Since four nucleobases are available, there are 64 possible codons, so that each amino acid and the START and STOP signals are coded by more than one codon. The coding Table used in protein synthesis is reported in the following Table
Amino acid
Codons
Ala
GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG
Arg
CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG
Asn
AAT, AAC
Asp
GAT, GAC
Cys
TGT, TGC
Gln
CAA, CAG
Glu
GAA, GAG
Gly
GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG
His
CAT, CAC
Ile
ATT, ATC, ATA
Leu
TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG
Lys
AAA, AAG
Met
ATG
Phe
TTT, TTC
Pro
CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG
Ser
TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC
Thr
ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG
Trp
TGG
Tyr
TAT, TAC
Val
GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG
START
ATG
STOP
TAA, TGA, TAG
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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He nucleotide sequences on DNA that actually have information encoding a sequence of amino acids are?
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