replication fork
1. Helicase unwinds the DNA strands. The replication fork opens up. 2. Single stranded binding proteins (SSB's) hold the 2 strands apart while replication takes place. 3. Primase synthesizes a RNA primer to which DNA polymerase III can bind. Primase + proteins = primosome. 4. DNA polymerase III synthesizes the new DNA strand in the 5'------>3' direction. (Remember, both strands act as templates) DNA poly III + proteins = replisome. 5. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments called Okazaki fragments. (Fig. 11.12a) 6. As the Okazaki fragments are completed, DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA. 7. DNA ligase seals the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the lagging strand. 8. Replication stops when the replisome reaches the termination site (ter) on the DNA. 9. Daughter molecules are intwined (catenanes) - topoisomerases break the strands temporarily so they can separate.
Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
The ribosomes are the site where proteins are synthesized.
The small bodies (sometimes called organelles) where proteins are synthesized are ribosomes.At a ribosome, amino acids are assembled into chains called polypeptides.Strictly, the protein is not synthesized at the ribosome, although people often talk that way. This is because what leaves the ribosome is the completed polypeptide chain, which then has to coil, fold, and maybe even combine with one or more other polypeptide chains to form the functional molecule that is the protein.
cell membrane
1. Helicase unwinds the DNA strands. The replication fork opens up. 2. Single stranded binding proteins (SSB's) hold the 2 strands apart while replication takes place. 3. Primase synthesizes a RNA primer to which DNA polymerase III can bind. Primase + proteins = primosome. 4. DNA polymerase III synthesizes the new DNA strand in the 5'------>3' direction. (Remember, both strands act as templates) DNA poly III + proteins = replisome. 5. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments called Okazaki fragments. (Fig. 11.12a) 6. As the Okazaki fragments are completed, DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA. 7. DNA ligase seals the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the lagging strand. 8. Replication stops when the replisome reaches the termination site (ter) on the DNA. 9. Daughter molecules are intwined (catenanes) - topoisomerases break the strands temporarily so they can separate.
Messenger R.N.A.
Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of transport for lipids and carbohydrates. Here, they are synthesized and transported to other parts of the cell.
The ribosomes are the site where proteins are synthesized.
The small bodies (sometimes called organelles) where proteins are synthesized are ribosomes.At a ribosome, amino acids are assembled into chains called polypeptides.Strictly, the protein is not synthesized at the ribosome, although people often talk that way. This is because what leaves the ribosome is the completed polypeptide chain, which then has to coil, fold, and maybe even combine with one or more other polypeptide chains to form the functional molecule that is the protein.
From the nucleus where it is synthesized, the mRNA passes into the cytoplasm and become attached to ribosomes.
cell membrane
Proteins are mainly synthesized in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, or Rough ER
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
nucleoliINCORRECT only ribosomal RNA is synthesized thereCorrect answer is NucleolusNo no no, nucleoli is the plural of nucleolus and neither is correct. There are no proteins synthesized in the nucleous. None. The ribosome is a "ribozyme" and so it's catalytic RNA component is synthesized at the Nucleoli but by weight the ribozyme is mostly protein. The lab above me in college discovered the ribosome X-ray structure. The ribosome is not synthesized in the nucleus PERIOD. just pick up a book instead of the internet....my god people
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