The usb and firewire bus standart and their possible impact on computer of the future?

Answer 1

USB AND FIRE WIRE BUS STANDARDS AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACT ON COMPUTERS OF FUTURE

UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB):-

A USB flash drive is a data storage device that consists of flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.

· It is hot swappable.

· USB version 1.1 provides maximum speeds of up to 1.5 MB/s while the version 2.0 is about 40 times faster.

· Most weigh less than 30 g.

· Drives of 256 gigabytes (GB) are also available, and storage capacities as large as 2 terabytes

Internals of a typical USB flash drive

1

USB Standard-A plug

2

USB mass storage controller device

3

Test points

4

Flash memory chip

5

Crystal oscillator

6

LED

7

Write-protect switch (Optional)

8

Space for second flash memory chip

USB STANDARDS:-

USB (1.x and 2.0):-

USB 1.x provides low speed (up to 1.5 M Bit/s) at distances of 3m, and high speed (12 M Bit/s) at distances of 5m.

Version 2.0 supports speeds to 480 M Bit/s at distances of up to 5m.

In all cases a maximum of 5 hubs may be supported.

USB (1.x and 2.0) provide a base current of 100MA and a maximum current of base X 5 = 500MA for powering of peripherals or battery charging applications.

USB 3.0:-USB 3.0 provides speeds up to 5.0 G Bit/s - termed Super Speed in the specifications. USB 3.0 uses new Standard and Micro A and B plugs and receptacles using 9 pins to obtain the full Super Speed performance (5.0 G Bit/s).

USB 3.0 increases the base current from 100MA (USB 2.0) to 150MA. The maximum load is 6 x base to 900MA (up from USB 2.0 x 5 = 500MA).

USB 0.7 :-

· Released in 1994

· Voltage - Input2.7 V ~ 5.5 V

· Current Limit= 700mA

· Operating Temperature= - 40°C ~ 85°C

OTHER STANDARDS:-

· USB 0.8: Released in December 1994.

· USB 0.9: Released in April 1995.

· USB 0.99: Released in August 1995.

FIREWIRE BUS:-

FireWire is High Performance Serial Bus, for connecting devices to your personal computer. FireWire provides a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 63 devices can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps.

It is Hot-plug and plug and play capability without disrupting your computer.

FIREWIRE STANDARDS:-

FIREWIRE 400 (IEEE 1394):-

• High interface transfer rate: up to 50MB/s.
• Flexibility: use your IEEE 1394 peripheral on both Mac or Windows platforms.
• Ease of use: hot-pluggable FireWire technology.
• Small cables: space-saving thin serial cables.
• Connect up to 63 devices.
• Self-powered: directly powered by the bus.
• The IEEE 1394 interface is specifically aimed at multimedia peripherals such as digital video camcorders, CD-RW drives, DVD drives and hard drives

FIREWIRE 400 (IEEE 1394a):-

• Brings high-speed connectivity to your desktop computer, quickly and easily
• It added support for asynchronous streaming, quicker bus reconfiguration, packet concatenation, and a power-saving suspend mode.
• Great for use with multimedia peripherals
• Firewire 400 (IEEE 1394a) provides 100, 200 and 400 Mbits/sec transfer at a distance of 4.5 meters between devices.

FireWire 800 (IEEE 1394b)· FireWire 800 (IEEE 1394b) increased transfer rate to 800 Mbits/sec and cable distance to 100 meters in 2003.

· It also expanded cable options to glass and plastic fiber and Cat 5 Ethernet.

· Also included in IEEE 1394b, FireWire 1600 and FireWire 3200 increase transfer rates to 1.6 and 3.2 Gbits/sec respectively.

· FireWire 800's connector, referred to as a beta connector, is different from FireWire 400's alpha connectors, making legacy cables incompatible.

FireWire S800T (IEEE 1394c):-· High Performance Serial Bus Amendment to enhance the physical layer for higher data rates over CAT5 or better rated UTP cable Scope.

· This is a full-use standard whose scope is to amend the IEEE 1394 base standard (IEEE Std 1394-1995 as amended by IEEE Std 1394a-2000 and IEEE Std 1394b-2002) to specify alternate physical layer(s) that provide greater than S100 data rate over CAT5 or better cable.

· This physical layer is capable of negotiating with a peer device to select the appropriate next higher protocol layer.

Future enhancements (including P1394d)A project named IEEE P1394d was formed by the IEEE on March 9, 2009 to add single mode fiber as an additional transport medium to FireWire. P1394d - IEEE Standard for a High-Performance Serial Bus - Amendment: IEEE 1394 Single-mode Fiber Fiber Physical Medium (PMD) SpecificationOther future iterations of FireWire are expected to increase speed to 6.4 Gbit/s and additional connectors such as the small multimedia interface.

IMPACT of USB and FIREWIRE on future Computers:-

USB and Firewire represent the newer generations of external serial interfaces being adopted to reduce PC and connection costs and to improve performance.

BY :- AWAD ZAFAR

Answer 2

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Answer 3

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