a. translation
Translation.
mRNA typically consists of a single strand of nucleotides. It serves as a temporary copy of the genetic information in DNA and carries this information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Proteins are made in the ribosomes when the mRNA strand from the nucleus is matched with the anti codon tRNA strand.
Protein synthesis is a cellular process that is accomplished by ribosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for translating the genetic information encoded in mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids, which form proteins. They do this by reading the mRNA and aligning the correct amino acids according to the codons on the mRNA strand.
Proteins actually start off as DNA. One strand of our double stranded DNA (chromatin) is copied by enzymes and taken to the ribosomes. At the ribosomes 3 bases of the strand of what is now called RNA code for one of 20 different Amino Acids (the building blocks of protein). When the strand is fully coded then you have a protein!Proteins are made during translation.
The messenger RNA (mRNA) strand contains the codes for the amino acids that make up a protein. During protein synthesis, the mRNA strand is used by ribosomes to read the genetic information and assemble the corresponding amino acids.
Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell. It involves the process of translating the information in mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein. Proteins are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
Ribosomes linked together by a single strand of mRNA are called polysomes or polyribosomes. These structures allow multiple ribosomes to simultaneously translate the same mRNA molecule, increasing the efficiency of protein synthesis.
Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm by the ribosomes.
Long strands of RNA that are complementary to one strand of DNA are called messenger RNA (mRNA). During the process of transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA by using one strand of DNA as a template, creating a complementary RNA sequence. This mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins.
The long strand of DNA and protein is called a chromosome. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and contain genes that carry genetic information. They condense and become visible during cell division.
The process by which a molecule of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called transcription. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA called the promoter, unwinds the DNA strand, and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule using one of the DNA strands as a template. This results in the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.