According to this method the degree of elasticity of demand is measured by comparing firm's revenue from consumer's total outlay on the goods before the change in the price with after the change in the price.
(1) Total outlay or Expenditure Method (2) Proportionate or Percentage Method (3) Point Elastic Method (4) Arc Elasticity of Method (5) Revenue Method
under total otlay method basically there are 3 other sub methods with the help of which you can calculate the price elasticity of demand.they are: elasticity greater than unity...ep>1 elasticity less than unity,,,,,,,ep<1 elasticity equals to unity....ep=1
When the price falls and the demand is elastic ie. ed >1 the total expenditure increases according to the total outlay method.
Total outlay method, purposed by Marshall, seeks to answer how would any change in the price of a commodity affect the revenue(expenditure) of the firm, by influencing the quantity demanded of that commodity.According to this method, elasticity is measured by comparing expenditure levels before and after any change in price, i.e. whether new expenditure is more than, or less than, or equal to the initial expenditure level. This method helps a seller in taking a decision to raise price only if the reducition in quantity demanded does not reduce total revenue of the seller.
There are three methods in calculating the national income. One is the net output method. Another is the income method, and lastly, the outlay method.
formula for the arc elasticity of demand
(1) Total outlay or Expenditure Method (2) Proportionate or Percentage Method (3) Point Elastic Method (4) Arc Elasticity of Method (5) Revenue Method
under total otlay method basically there are 3 other sub methods with the help of which you can calculate the price elasticity of demand.they are: elasticity greater than unity...ep>1 elasticity less than unity,,,,,,,ep<1 elasticity equals to unity....ep=1
When the price falls and the demand is elastic ie. ed >1 the total expenditure increases according to the total outlay method.
Total outlay method, purposed by Marshall, seeks to answer how would any change in the price of a commodity affect the revenue(expenditure) of the firm, by influencing the quantity demanded of that commodity.According to this method, elasticity is measured by comparing expenditure levels before and after any change in price, i.e. whether new expenditure is more than, or less than, or equal to the initial expenditure level. This method helps a seller in taking a decision to raise price only if the reducition in quantity demanded does not reduce total revenue of the seller.
There are three methods in calculating the national income. One is the net output method. Another is the income method, and lastly, the outlay method.
The capital is the money. The outlay is what has to be spent. For example: If a person is starting a lemonade business the capital outlay might include the cost of the stand, the gas to the store to buy the lemonade ingredients, the pitcher, the cups. The outlay also includes the permit to be in business.
Given that it is the true time taken for the cash inflows from a capital investment to equal the cash outlay cost...it provides a good picture of whether or not the business is able to recover its original investment outlay. An example: Assume a project has an outlay cost of $10 000 to be followed by annual net cash inflows of $2 500. In this e.g. the payback period will be 4 years. Because in that time the net cash inflows will accumulate to an amount equal to the outlay cost of $10 000. ....................................................... Pay back method is simplest method of investment appraisal. Its easy to use and understund by managers. Pay back method is very useful in short term period. Pay Bac is useful if the returns are accurate, and useful where technology changes rapidly. Often used in company with cash flow problems - since money will be recovered as quick as possible. Pay back period could occur during a year.
outlay
govt transfers + interest payments
Outlaw Outfield outlay outsource
govt transfers + interest payments