The efficiency of a steam turbine is just the ratio of power out to power in, but if you want to be able to calculate it from the basic mechanical design, this is a specialised topic. In the link below is a general description of steam turbines, in the references and additional reading list there are some references that may help you.
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The heat rate of a gas turbine using petroleum is 13,622. On the other hand, gas turbines that use natural gas produce a heat rate of 11,499.
Efficiency formula for a steam turbine is typically derived by dividing the electrical power output by the heat energy input. The heat rate of the steam turbine represents the amount of heat energy required per unit of electrical power generated, and by rearranging the equation, we can derive the efficiency formula as the reciprocal of the heat rate.
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The efficiency of a steam turbine is just the ratio of power out to power in, but if you want to be able to calculate it from the basic mechanical design, this is a specialised topic. In the link below is a general description of steam turbines, in the references and additional reading list there are some references that may help you.
Divide heat added to the boiler between feedwater inlet and steam outlet by the kilowatt output of the generator at the generator terminals. Rate expressed in btu. See article.
Turbine cycle heat rate is a measure of the turbine efficiency. It is determined from the total energy input supplied to the turbine divided by the electrical energy output. The energy input is the difference between the energy in the steam supplied to, and leaving from the turbine. The total energy supplied is the sum of the steam mass flow rates to the turbine multiplied by their respective enthalpies. The energy leaving is the sum of mass flow rates exiting the turbine multiplied by their respective enthalpies. Take the difference in the total energy supplied and leaving, divide by the electrical output and this gives you heat rate, typically expressed in Btu/kWh or kJ/kWh. This is easy for a single source of steam passing through the turbine to a condenser, but gets a bit more tricky for reheat turbines with multiple extractions as all the streams in and out have to be accounted for.
An example of an energy balance equation for a steam turbine can be expressed as: Input energy (steam flow rate x enthalpy of steam) Output energy (mechanical work done by the turbine heat losses)
Heat rate in gas turbine combustion refers to the amount of fuel energy required to produce a unit of power output. It is typically measured in British thermal units (BTU) per kilowatt-hour (kWh) or in joules per kilowatt-hour (kJ/kWh). A lower heat rate value indicates a more efficient combustion process.
The turbine heat rate of a steam turbogenerato is the ratio of thermal input: power generated. It is often expressed in kJ/kWh. The efficiency of the turbogenerator is simply calculated from this. The plant heat rate is the ratio of fuel energy into the plant: power generated. It is greater than the turbine heat rate, because not all of the fuel's thermal energy can be captured by the boiler, and also power station services such as fuel handling, flue gas cleaning etc consume power. Consequently, more fuel is needed for each unit of useful net power produced. Plant heat rate is often expressed in kJ/kWh or Btu/kWh. The fuel energy input used in the plant heat rate calculation may be on a higher heating value (HHV) or a lower heating value (LHV) basis, and the plant power output, although usually on a net (net of plant own consumption) is sometimes on the basis of that at the generator terminals. Whatever is used should be made clear, but it often is not.
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There are formulae based on regression analyses but they vary between species and, for species that reproduce sexually, the formulae will very often differ between genders.