anion and cation
Atoms have electrons, protons, and (usually) neutrons. Electrons may be shared by or transfered to other atoms. Sharing or transfering protons or neutrons would require a nuclear reaction such as fission, fusion, or radioactive decay. It is also possible for atoms to share or transfer energy by collision - but I suspect that is not what you meant by your question.
Bonding between atoms occurs at the valence electron level. Core electrons and the atomic nucleus are unaffected.
In ionic bonding, atoms of one element transfer electrons to the other so that both have stable configurations. In this type of bonding, outer-shell electrons are transferred from some atoms to the orbit of other atoms. Thus, atoms are ionized,those which give up electrons become negative ions. This creates an electrostatic bonding force between the atoms and is called ionic bonding. But in covalent bonding the valence electrons are not transferred from one atoms to the another atoms as in ionic crystals, but the neighbor atoms share their valence electrons under the formation of strong homopolar or covalent bonds. Thus, covalent bonds are formed by the shared electrons pairs between the valence electrons in the incomplete outer shell of the atoms.
Electrons get their energy from the atoms they belong to. They can gain energy through processes like absorption of light or heat, or from chemical reactions. This energy allows electrons to move within the atom or be transferred to other atoms in various forms.
A Chemical Bond
Iron electrons are shared or transferred to form a chemical bond with other elements. In metallic bonds, iron electrons are delocalized and form a "sea of electrons" that hold the iron atoms together. In ionic or covalent bonds, iron electrons are either transferred or shared with other elements to achieve a stable electron configuration.
The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom in a chemical reaction is its oxidation number. This represents the charge an atom would have if the bonding electrons were completely transferred. It helps to understand how atoms combine and react with each other.
A molecule contains two or more atoms that are bound together by exchanging or sharing electrons. These atoms can be of the same element, such as O₂ (oxygen), or different elements, like H₂O (water). The bonds formed can be covalent, where electrons are shared, or ionic, where electrons are transferred between atoms.
Ionic bond. In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions which are then attracted to each other, creating a bond.
Energy itself does not contain atoms. Energy is a property or a characteristic of objects and particles that can be transferred between them. Atoms, on the other hand, are the basic building blocks of matter and contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.
When atoms are close together, the outer electrons of each atom can interact more closely with each other due to their proximity. This interaction can lead to the formation of chemical bonds, where electrons are shared or transferred between atoms to achieve a stable configuration. This results in the formation of molecules or solids.
Elements combine with each other through chemical bonds to form molecules and compounds. These bonds can be either covalent, where atoms share electrons, or ionic, where electrons are transferred between atoms. The specific arrangement of atoms in a molecule or compound determines its properties and behavior.