federal
It is called Seperation of Powers
"Separation of powers," Means that each branch of government is independent
Powers such as taxation & meetings
State powers are sometimes known as reserved powers as defined by the 10th amendment to the United States Constitution. They are the powers "not granted to the national government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or the people."States also have powers known as concurrent powers.Source: Wikipedia
C.the individual states
Any of the rights that are not already reserved by the constitution for the federal government.
National powers are called "federal powers."
Major European powers fought to keep independent states from unifying
The cause of rise in independent regional powers after the decline of the Mughal Empire was the emergence of Successor States to the Mughals.
"Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do"
In the case of those independent nations that opposed the Nazis, they were called the Allied Powers. Those persons from Occupied Countries that opposed the Nazis called themselves the Resistance.
YES , division of powers and independent judiciary the two important features of federal form of government