The simplest answer is polarity. As I'm sure you know, both water and ammonia form hydrogen bonds with like molecules. But the critical difference is that water is a polar molecule and has a dipole moment, whereas ammonia is non-polar and does not have a dipole moment. A dipole moment is the result of polar bonds. It is important to note that having polar bonds DOES NOT necessarily make a molecule polar. Imagine that the bonds on a molecule pushes the nucleus in the direction of the bond. In a molecule with all of its bonds evenly spaced and of the same type (Hydrogen to Nitrogen, for example), such as in NH3, all of the bonds cancel each other out. But in a molecule with its bonds unevenly spaced, such as in H2O, the bonds do not cancel each other out, resulting in a dipole moment.
The answer lies in what is know as intermolecular forces. There three basic types: london dispersion forces (which all molecules have), dipole to dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. The stronger these forces the more the molecules have a tendancy to stick together. I listed the forces from weakest to strongest. Since water has hydrogen bonding its intermolecukar forces are the strongest and over powers the atmospheric forces and energies trying to tear the molecules away from eachother. Ammonias intermolecular forces are not strong enough under normal temperature and pressure so the molecules and individual gas molecules.
The predominant intermolecular force in methane is London dispersion forces, in ammonia it is hydrogen bonding, in nitrogen trifluoride it is dipole-dipole interactions.
NH3 exhibits hydrogen bonding in addition to dispersion forces. This significantly increases the intermolecular force, and raises the boiling point. PH3 does not exhibit hydrogen bonding and the dominant intermolecular force holding these molecules together is dispersion forces. (Dispersion forces also known as Van Der Waal Force)
increasing the temperature increases the intermolecular spaces and decreases the intermolecular forces,thus increasing ideality.... so at high temperature of 327c sulphurdioxide is ideal as compared to 273k
Overcome intermolecular forces
The intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding.
If the intermolecular forces are great enough they can hold the molecules together as a liquid. If they are even stronger they will hold the molecules together as a solid. Water has nearly the same mass as methane and ammonia molecules, but the greater molecular forces between water molecules causes the water to be liquid at room temperature, while ammonia and methane, with weaker intermolecular forces, are gases at room temperature.
The intermolecular forces in ammonia include hydrogen bonding, which occurs between the hydrogen in ammonia and the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of another ammonia molecule. These hydrogen bonds are relatively strong compared to other intermolecular forces and contribute to the higher boiling point of ammonia.
Ammonia has hydrogen bonding between its molecules, which results in stronger intermolecular forces compared to the weaker van der Waals forces in methane. This leads to the higher melting and boiling points in ammonia than in methane.
it doesn't
NH3 (ammonia) is a liquid at room temperature due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding that holds ammonia molecules together. PH3 (phosphine) is a gas at room temperature because its intermolecular forces are weaker, resulting in lower boiling point compared to NH3.
The temperature at which intermolecular forces push the molecules apart
The boiling point of a substance is influenced by its intermolecular forces. Ammonia (NH3) has weaker London dispersion forces compared to bismuthine (BiH3), which has stronger metallic bonding due to bismuth's larger size. This difference in intermolecular forces causes bismuthine to have a higher boiling point than ammonia.
Ammonia (NH3) is easily liquefied compared to hydrogen chloride (HCl) because ammonia has weaker intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding) compared to the strong dipole-dipole interactions in hydrogen chloride. Weaker intermolecular forces result in easier liquefaction of the gas.
Sugar has stronger intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, due to its molecular structure that allows for more interactions between its molecules compared to ammonia. Ammonia, on the other hand, primarily exhibits weaker dipole-dipole interactions.
Water (H2O) has stronger intermolecular forces than ammonia (NH3) due to hydrogen bonding in water molecules. Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that is stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions present in ammonia molecules.
The answer lies in what is know as intermolecular forces. There three basic types: london dispersion forces (which all molecules have), dipole to dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. The stronger these forces the more the molecules have a tendancy to stick together. I listed the forces from weakest to strongest. Since water has hydrogen bonding its intermolecukar forces are the strongest and over powers the atmospheric forces and energies trying to tear the molecules away from eachother. Ammonias intermolecular forces are not strong enough under normal temperature and pressure so the molecules and individual gas molecules.