She was a descendant of Terah (through Lot's daughter, mother of the Moabites), but wouldn't usually be called a Hebrew. See also:
According to rabbinical tradition, yes. They prove this when Ruth says, "... and your god is my God; where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. Thus may HASHEM do to me, and so may He do more, if anything but death separates from me from you." However, there is no literal Orthodox conversion, but I doubt Boaz would have married a Moabite non-Jewish woman.
Today, the laws surrounding conversion to Judaism are largely based on Ruth's conversion.
No, she was a Moabite but she converted.
According to Jewish law, a Kohen can't marry a convert to Judaism.
Judaism has always accepted converts. Moses's wife was the daughter of a Midianite priest. Ruth, the ancestor of King David was a Moabite convert. Onkelos, the creator of the most important translation of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic was a Greek or Roman convert. However, Judaism is not a missionary religion because it does not hold that it is the only path to righteousness, and because for much of the past 2000 years, converts to Judaism and sometimes those who oversee their conversion have been subject to serious consequences, including at many times the death penalty.
He didn't.
Nothing. Jews do not seek converts. If a person wishes to convert to Judaism, they are permitted to do so, but Judaism teaches that Judaism should not be proselytized.
No, Obama is a Christian.
Yes, according to tradition.
yes
Only Judaism
A new Jew.
His father is a convert to Judaism and his mother is Jewish.
she was considered an outsider because Ruth was from Moab, and had no property rights because she was a widow and did not have any children.
Ruth Rosen has written: 'Jesus for Jews' -- subject(s): Controversial literature, Jewish Christians, Judaism, Messiahship, Judaism (Christian theology), Biography 'Called to controversy' -- subject(s): Jews for Jesus, Christian converts from Judaism, Missions to Jews, Biography 'Called to controversy' -- subject(s): Jews for Jesus, Christian converts from Judaism, Missions to Jews, Biography