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By its citizens, aided by slave labour.
They were built by the SS, using slave labour.
There ghettos were areas of towns already in existence; they were not specially built for the purpose. The only things that were newly built were the perimeter walls, for which the Nazis used local slave labour.
Like most structures in the ancient world it was built by slave labour drawn from the peoples conquered by the Israelites. It was Solomon's boast that no Jew was forced to labourer on its construction.
They needed cheap labour, they also forced millions of gentiles into slave or near slave labour.
It was made in 125BC to 65BC during the Ptolemaic period with additions built during the Roman period (after 30BC). This is a late period temple which means it was built using slave labour.
Not quite a slave, but very low on the labour and pay chain.
Slave owners benefited from slavery by exploiting the labor of enslaved individuals to generate significant wealth and economic advantages for themselves. They could also control and dominate the lives of enslaved people, exerting power and maintaining social status within their communities. Additionally, the dehumanization and mistreatment of enslaved individuals allowed slave owners to perpetuate a system of racial superiority that justified their actions and preserved their wealth and privilege.
By slave labour.
Slave Labour <3
A society in which all or part of its labour is done by slaves.
Egyptian slaves who are forced slave labour