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AnswerTheodosius (378-395) was certainly a Christian Emperor. However, Constantine (306-337) is generally accepted as having been Christian. Certainly, Constantine's sons and all other fourth-century emperors were Christians, except for Julian the Apostate.

Some even say that Emperor Philip the Arab (244-249) may have been a Christian.

So, Theodosius was not the first Christian emperor of Rome.
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It is often said that Constantine I (or the Great) was the first Christian emperor. However, he retained is post as Pontifex Maximus (the high priest and head of Roman state religion) throughout his life and worshiped the pagan cult of the god Sol Invictus (Unconquered Sun). He had his triumphal arch (the Arch of Constantine) aligned with the nearby statue of Sol to make this god its backdrop from all directions. In 321 he decreed that the day of the Sun (Deis Solis, Sunday) was a day of rest. He invited all the citizen of the empire, both Christian and pagan, to unite to worship Sol on this day. His coins bore the image of Sol until 325/6.

It is said that Constantine asked to be baptised just before his death in 338, but some historians question this.

If Constantine I was not truly the first Christian emperor, then his three sons (Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans) who succeeded him would have been the first Christian emperors.

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