I believe that liberalism, socialism, and modernism aren't the causes, but nationalism and conservatism, were both the antagonist movements in the nineteenth-century. Nationalism was more about the people, caring so much for their nation that it almost seems that they would do anything just to proove their country is the best. Conservatism on the other hand wanted nothing but originality. The people wanted what was now and behind, they thought they were at the peak of technology and didn't want to push forward. So I believe it's nationalism, only because the outlook before the war before it started was progression, people wanted to move forward.
popularize Yiddish
Romanticism
the abolition movement
The nineteenth century was from 1800 - 1899.
Westward Expansion
Second Great Awakening
Chautauqua movement
garibaldi
Garibaldi
Naturalism was a late nineteenth century movement growing out of the realist movement.
the movement of most women into the work force.
it is realism (: hope this helps