I believe it is in the material. It says that everything has charged particles in it. It also says that in order for a material to be magnetic, then, its atoms have to line up in a certain way so that the electrons in the material all have the same general motion. So if it's a permanent magnet, then the charged particles would be in the material.
The charged particle that flows through circuits is an electron.
electrons
An electrical current will flow in a conductor, when a magnet is moved next to a conductor - or when the conductor is moved next to the magnet.
Man-made permanent magnets are not so different from naturally-occurring magnets.In the case of a permanent magnet, electrical charges are irrelevant. The magnet may, or may not, have an electrical charge, but that doesn't affect the magnetism. An electromagnet works by electrical currents, which is a flow of charges. The electromagnet, however, doesn't need to have any net charge. In other words, any charge would go in at one point of the magnet but an equivalent charge would go back out at some other point.
A particle that has a fixed shape and doesn't flow
The charged particle that flows through circuits is an electron.
Basically, a flow of charged particles - usually of electrons, but any charged particle will do.
You have to have a charged particle which is free to move, and an electromotive force for a current to flow.
Anything that carries and/or can transport charge.
All magnets, whether permanent or electromagnetic, are caused by the movement of electrons. In electromagnets, the electrons flow along the electrical conductor. In a permanent magnet, the electrons are spinning (as electrons are wont to do) and this causes the magnetic field. No moving electrons = no magnet. The magnetic field of the Earth is caused by electrical currents flowing in the magma, and aligned roughly parallel to the Equator. This alignment is probably caused by the inner core rotating slightly faster than the earth's skin. Due to the tidal drag of the Moon.
One is temporary, the other is more or less permanent.
If charge can flow within the neutral particle and you place it near a charged object, like charges tend to move toward the object and opposite charges move away. This splitting of the charge gives the neutral dust particle an electric dipole moment.
An electrically charged particle will move towards, or away, from other charged particles, due to their mutual attraction or repulsion. In electrical circuits, this is usually expressed as a voltage. In other words, a voltage causes a current to flow.
geiger counter
Either potential difference (apply voltage) or energy input (drag the charged particle)
Permanent magnet field motors. With a these motors, a permanent magnet is used to replace the field coil. DC power is connected via the brushes, to the armature only. Reversing the polarity, will cause the motor to reverse its direction of rotation. It is very common to use a switch to intentionally reverse to the polarity, to allow reversal of the motor if desired.
A rotating machine like a generator requires first a permanent magnet of sort. The magnet can be a natural source or induced by an electric current flow. A copper wire as it cuts cuts trough a magnetic field it self induce a current flow. Therefore current will flow into an external load.